Irish/Déise Irish

The main page for describing the Déise dialect of Irish

Morphosyntax

Verbs

Analytic and Synthetic Forms

South Tipperary

In the variety of Déise Irish that was spoken in South Tipperary, the following conjugations of the verb bí along with the most typical analytic and synthetic forms are given:

Conjugation of bí in South Tipperary

Stem Form	1st Sg.	2nd Sg.	3rd Masc. Sg.	3rd Fem. Sg.	1st Pl.	2nd Pl.	3rd Pl.	Conjugation Category
thá	thá me	thá tu	thá sé	thá sí	tháimíd	thá sibh	thá siad	indicative present independent affirmative
nín	nín me	nín tu	nín sé	nín sí	nínimíd	nín sibh	nín siad	indicative present independent negative
fuil	fuil me	fuil tu	fuil sé	fuil sí	fuilimíd	fuil sibh	fuil siad	indicative present dependent
bhí	bhí me	bhí tu	bhí sé	bhí sí	bhíomar	bhíobhair	bhíodar	indicative past independent
raibh	raibh me	raibh tu	raibh sé	raibh sí	raibheamar	raibheabhair	raibheadar	indicative past dependent
beidh	beidh me	beidh tu	beidh sé	beidh sí	beimíd	beidh sibh	beidh siad	indicative future
bíonn	bím	bíonn tu	bíonn sé	bíonn sí	bímíd	bíonn sibh	bíonn siad	indicative present habitual
bhíodh	bhínn	bhítheá	bhíodh sé	bhíodh sí	bhímíst	bhíodh sibh	bhídís	indicative past habitual
bheadh	bheinn	bheitheá	bheadh sé	bheadh sí	bheimíst	bheadh sibh	bheidís	conditional

Note: as is typical throughout Déise Irish, the interrogatives an bhfuil? and cá bhfuil? are pronounced as buil? (dropping the an particle) and cail? (merging cá and bhfuil, and shortening the vowel) respectively; otherwise, the pronunciation of bhfuil is generally as expected.

Prepositions

Prepositional Pronouns

Prepositions and their prepositional pronouns

Preposition	1st Sg.	2nd Sg.	3rd Masc. Sg.	3rd Fem. Sg.	1st Pl.	2nd Pl.	3rd Pl.
aige	agam	agat	aige	aici	againn	agaibh	acu
ar	orm	ort	air	uirthi or uirthí	eirinn or orthainn or orainn	oraibh	ora or ortha
as	asam	asat	as	aiste	asainn	asaibh	asta
chún	chúm	chút	chuige	chúithe	chúinn	chúibh	chútha
de or dhe	díom or dhíom	díot or dhíot	de or dhe	di or dhi	dínn or dhínn	díbh or dhíbh	díobh or dhíobh
do or dho	dom or dhom	doit or dhoit	do or dho	di or dhi	dúinn or dhúinn	díbh or dhíbh	dóibh or dhóibh
fé	fúm	fút	fé or féig or féighe	fúithi	fúinn	fúibh	fútha
i	ionam	ionat	ann	inti	ionainn	ionaibh	iontu or annta
idir	-	-	-	-	eadarainn	eadaraibh	eatarra
le or lé	liom	leat	leis	léithe or léi	linn	libh	leotha or leo
ó	bhuam or bhuaim or uam or uaim	bhuait or uait	bhuaidh or uaidh	bhuaithe or uaithe	bhuainn or uainn	bhuaibh or uaibh	bhuatha or uatha
roimh (roi) or roimhigh (roig) or roimhe	romham (rúm)	romhat (rút)	roimhigh (roig) or roimhe	rúimpe or roimpe	romhainn (rúinn)	romhaibh (rúibh)	rúmpa or rompa
thar or thear	thorm or thearm	thorat or thearat	theiris or thairis or theairis or thiris	thóirste or thóiste	thorainn or thearainn or theirinn or thirinn	thoraibh or thearaibh	thórsta or thósta
trí	tríom	tríot	tríd	tríthe	trínn	tríbh	tríotha
um	iomam or umam	iomat or umat	imigh or uimigh	ímpe or oimpe	iomainn or umainn	iomaibh or umaibh	iompa or umpa

Initial Mutations

Initial Mutations of Nouns

Following Simple Prepositions

Lenition

The following simple prepositions cause lenition:

• ar
• de
• do
• fé
• idir
• mar
• ó
• thear
• trí
• um

Eclipsis

The following simple prepositions cause eclipsis:

• in

h-Prothesis

The following simple prepositions cause h-prothesis:

• le
• go

No Mutation

The following simple prepositions cause no mutation:

• aige
• as
• go dtí, dtí
• roimh, roimhig

With the Singular Article

Non-verbal nouns are affected by one of two forms of mutation, lenition or eclipsis, or no mutation, following a combination of a simple preposition and the singular article.

Simple Preposition and Article Combinations

The following simple prepositions with singular articles are found in Déise Irish:

• aige ‘n,
• ar an,
• as an,
• de ‘n,
• do ‘n,
• fé ‘n,
• ó ‘n,
• roimh ‘n,
• (go) dtí ‘n,
• leis an,
• thear an,
• tríd an,
• and ins an.

Lenition

Under this context, the following consonants are affected by lenition:

• b to bh,
• p to ph,
• g to gh,
• c to ch,
• and s to ts.

Eclipsis

Under this context, the following consonants are affected by eclipsis:

• b to mb,
• p to bp,
• g to ng,
• c to gc,
• and f to bhf.

No Mutation

Under this context, the following consonants which can appear as unmutated initials in nouns are not affected by mutation:

• d,
• t,
• m,
• n,
• l,
• r
• or h.

Contributing Factors

The following factors contribute towards determining the type of mutation used on the initial of the noun:

• The form of the preposition when used with the article, whether it ends in a vowel or a consonant.
• The initial consonant of the noun:
  • b, g or f
  • p or c
  • s

General Rules

1. b, g and f undergo eclipsis following all preposition and article combinations.
2. s, only in the case of feminine nouns, undergoes lenition following all preposition and article combinations. It does not mutate if the noun is masculine.
3. p and c undergo lenition following ins a’ (or sa).
4. p and c undergo eclipsis following all other preposition and article combinations where the prepositional form ends in a consonant.
5. p and c undergo lenition following all preposition and article combinations where the prepositional form ends in a vowel.

Initial mutations caused by preposition + singular article

	Noun Initial
	b	g	f	p	c	s
aige ‘n	E	E	E	L	L	L
de ‘n	E	E	E	L	L	L
do ‘n	E	E	E	L	L	L
fé ‘n	E	E	E	L	L	L
ó ‘n	E	E	E	L	L	L
roimh ‘n	E	E	E	L	L	L
dtí ‘n	E	E	E	L	L	L
ar a’	E	E	E	E	E	L
as a’	E	E	E	E	E	L
leis a’	E	E	E	E	E	L
thear a’	E	E	E	E	E	L
tríd a’	E	E	E	E	E	L
ins a’	E	E	E	L	L	L

Deviations to the Rules

• Contrary to rule #1, a speaker in South Tipperary had a tendency to lenite initial b and g, but his usage of lenition in this context was inconsistent and he regularly used eclipsis instead.
• Contrary to rule #3, ins an (or sa) had a greater tendency to cause eclipses on initial p and c in South Tipperary, but lenition among the speakers from this area was also noted. Eclipsis has also been noted among speakers from Waterford, but this isn’t typical and might only occur with certain words and as an alternating pronunciation.
• Contrary to rule #5, p has a tendency to not undergo lenition, but this can be a case of alternating pronunciations as recorded among native Déise Irish speakers.

Recordings

RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta

Adhmhaidin

• 22 Aibreán 2019 - Nioclás Ó Gríofáin, Cumann Staire na nDéise Imní ar Chumann Staire Ghaeltacht na nDéise, go ndéanfar dearmad ar Mhicheál Breathnach an t-aon duine amháin as an Rinn, i bPort Láirge, a maraíodh i gCogadh na Saoirse, mura gcuirtear leanaí na háite ar an eolas faoi.

An Saol Ó Dheas

• 02 Deireadh Fómhair 2018 - Micheál de Paor, feirmeoir ón Seanaphobal sna Déise Tá a shaol caite aige Micheál ag saothrú na talún sa Loiscreán sa tSeanaphobal. Thug sé a a óige ag imirt chaide lena pharóiste ach deir sé go mbíodh peileadóirí na Rinne ró mhaith dhóibh i gconaí.
• 16 Iúil 2019 - Nollaig Ó Cionnfhaola, Parthalán Breathnach, Nioclás Ó Gríofáin; Am lóin sa Linn Bhuí Triú fear ón Rinn ag ithe dínnéir i lár a lae sa Linn Bhuí ar a suaimhneas. Caint ar a saol,a n-óige agus an sásamh atá bainte acu as go dtí seo.
• 17 Deireadh Fómhair 2019 - Nioclás Ó Gríofáin; Báid a briseadh ar chósta Phort Láirge Tá mappáil déanta ar ghrinneal na Mara ar chósta na h-Éireann ag INFOMAR. Tá eolas aige Nioclás ar bháid a chuaigh go grinneal amach ó chósta Phort Láirge.
• 16 Meán Fómhair 2021 - Seán Breathnach; Rinn Ua gCuanach Fuair Seán Breathnach ó Rinn Ua gCuanach taom croí an tseachtain seo caite. Caitheadh é bhogadh ó Ospidéal na h-Ollscoile Port Láirge go Corcaigh mar nach raibh seirbhísí croí ar fáil ann i rith an deireadh seachtaine.
• 09 Eanáir 2024 - Dónal Ó Murchadha; Comhairle Pobail na Rinne Tá Dónal Ó Murchadha ceapaithe ina Chathaoirleach ar Chomhairle Pobail na Rinne.

Cartlann Bhóthar na Léinsí

• 13 Meán Fómhair 2020 - Peig Bn. Uí Riagáin Peig Bn. Uí Riagáin, Baile na nGall, Rinn Ua gCuanach, ag cur síos ar an saol ina baile dúchais nuair a bhí sí óg. Craoladh é seo den chéad uair 09/04/1981.
• 04 Deireadh Fómhair 2020 - Peig Bn. Uí Riagáin & Cáit ‘An Bhab’ Feiritéar Peig Bn. Uí Riagáin, Rinn Ua gCuanach, & Cáit ‘An Bhab’ Feiritéar, Dún Chaoin i gcomhrá le chéile i 1985.
• 25 Deireadh Fómhair 2020 - Séimí Ó Cionnfhaola, Rinn Ua gCuanach Séimí Ó Cionnfhaola ag labhairt le Dóirín Mhic Mhurchadha fé bheith ag múineadh Gaolainne agus amhráin i Londain. Craolta 03/05/1976.
• 07 Márta 21 - Peig Bn. Uí Riagáin, An Rinn Dar le Peig Bn Uí Riagáin ón Rinn, ag labhairt di i 1993, b’amhail leis an difríocht idir cailc agus cáis an difríocht idir an charghas nuair a bhí sí óg agus carghas na linne seo.
• 23 Bealtaine 2021 - Micheál Ó Maoldomhnaigh, An Caisleán Nua, Co. Thiobrad Árainn Micheál Ó Maoldomhnaigh, An Caisleán Nua, Co. Thiobrad Árainn, ó Chartlann Raidió Éireann, deireadh na 1950í.
• 10 Deireadh Fómhair 2021 - Clár #55: Maidhc Dháith Turraoin, Rinn Ua gCuanach Clár ó 1958 le rí-sheanchaí na nDéise, Maidhc Dháith Turraoin (ó Chartlann Raidió Éireann).
• 16 Eanáir 2022 - Clár #68: An Rinn & An Seanphobal Dhá agallamh a deineadh i gceantar Ghaeltachta na nDéise i 1994: - Séimín Ó Cionnfhaola ó Bhaile na nGall - Peig Móinbhíol ón Seanaphobal.
• 30 Eanáir 2022 - Clár #70: Lá le Bríde Naomh Bríd & a Féile - Joe Daly - Caitlín Mhic Eoin - Bab Feiritéar - Peig Uí Riagáin - Nell Tom Ní Ríordáin.
• 26 Meitheamh 2022 - Clár #91: Muintir na Rinne 1980 Cois mara thoir sa Rinn i 1980 le: Tomás Ó Ceallaigh, Scipéara an bháid 'An Tyrone'; Déaglán Dúrta as an Seanaphobal; Liam Breathnach as Cnocán an Phaoraigh; An tAth. Tadhg Furlong, Sagart cúnta na Rinne; Úna Bn. Breathnach (Úna Parks).
• 17 Iúil 2022 - Clár #94: Pátrún na hAirde Móire & Páirc Uí Fhearchair Nioclás Breathnach ag cur síos ar Naomh Déaglán, Pátrún na hAirde Móire agus bruíonta baitíní, i 1998. Nioclás Mac Craith ag cur síos ar stair & seanchas Pháirc Uí Fhearchair i nDún Garbhán, 1995.

Cormac ag a Cúig

• 07 Eanáir 2015 - Odí Ní Chéilleachair

Ríleanna agus Téipeanna

• 01 Feabhra 2009 Ian Lee le píosaí cainte ón Rinn - Risteard Turraoin ó 1972 le Pádraig Tyers; Radio Pobail na Rinne 1978 - Nioclás MacCraith, Máire Nic Craith, Séamus MacCraith, Séamus Ó Faoláin (Séamusiín an Chnoic) Stás Ní Chrota, Neans Uí Bhraonáin páirteach ann. Cuid den eolas fá ainmneacha faighte ó dhaoine sa Rinn.
• 08 Feabhra 2009 Seán Tóibín, Micheál Gaeltacht na Rinne ó Chartlann Fuaime RTÉ - Deaglán Ó Muiríosa, Séamus Ó Faoláin ag caint le Pádraig Tyers sna 70adaí; Na Prátaí Dubha á aithris ag Peig Uí Riagáin; Radio Pobail na Rinne ó 1978; Séamus MacCraith agus Liam Coistín agus Máire Nic Craith páirteach ann. Láithriú/Leiriú Ian Lee
• 15 Feabhra 2009 Seán Tóibín, Micheál Breathnach ón Rinn ag caint le Pádraig Tyers sa bhliain 1974. Laithriú/Leiriú: Ian Lee
• 22 Feabhra 2009 Ábhar ón Rinn Co Phort Láirge
• 01 Márta 2009 Ábhar ón Rinn Co Phort Láirge
• 08 Márta 2009 Ábhar ón Rinn Co Phort Láirge
• 15 Márta 2009 Seanchas agus scéalta faoi Naomh Pádraig

Siúlach Scéalach

• 13 Lúnasa 2013 - An tAthair Ó Flaithbhín sagart paróiste na Rinne sa bhliain 1972 An tAthair Ó Flaithbhín sagart paróiste na Rinne ag cur sios ar an Rinn sna Déise mar leath-pharóiste agus aifrinn Ghaeilge sa cheantar.
• 13 Lúnasa 2013 - Liam Breathnach sa Rinn 1972 Liam Breathnach ón Rinn ag cur síos ar an tsean-saol sa cheantar nuair nach raibh Béarla ar bith á labhairt, cúrsai iascaireachta, Coláiste na Rinne.
• 13 Lúnasa 2013 - Micheál Ó Domhnaill agus Coláiste na Rinne 1972 Micheál Ó Domhnaill, bainisteoir Choláiste na Rinne ag cur síos ar thionchar an choláiste ar an cheantar agus an Béarla ag teacht chun cinn.
• 13 Lúnasa 2013 -Muiris Ó Ceallaigh sa Rinn 1972 Muiris Ó Ceallaigh iascaire as Heilbhic ag cur síos ar chúrsaí iascaireachta sa cheantar.
• 27 Deireadh Fómhair 2013 - Muintir na Rinne sna Déise 1974 Seosamh Ó Foghlú, Nioclás MacCraith, Gearóid Ó Curraoin agus Dóirín Mhic Mhurchadha ag cur síos as an saol sa Rinn le hUinseann MacGruairc sa bhliain 1974.
• 06 Deireadh Fómhair 2014 - Seán Tóibín ón Rinn Co Phort Láirge Seán Tóibín ó Bhaile na nGall, An Rinn, ag caint le Pádraig Tyers fá chúrsaí iascaireachta ag tús na 70adaí.
• 02 Márta 2015 - Micheál Breathnach agus Pádraig Tyers sa Rinn Micheál Breathnach ag caint le Pádraig Tyers ar ché Bhaile na nGall sa Rinn fá sheoltóir (shark) a thug siad i dtír sa bhliain 1972.
• 20 Aibreán 2015 - Cáit Feiritéar, Nioclás Tóibín, Áine Ní Ghallchóir Cáit Féiritéar ag inse scéalta sa bhliain 1968 ina measc údar an amhráin a cheolann Nioclás Tóibín agus Áine Ní Ghallchhóir anseo, amhrán fá bhean a thug na síogaí leo.
• 20 Aibreán 2015 - Micheál Ó Maoldomhnaigh cainteoir ó dhúchas ó Thobraid Árann Micheál Ó Maoldomhnaigh cainteoir ó dhúchas Gaeilge ón Chaisleán Nua in aice le Cluain Meala i gCo. Thiobraid Árann agus Pádraig Ó Muiríosa ar a chéad chuairt ar a cheantar dúchais i dTiobrad Árann ó Mheiriceá agus Gaeilge aige go fóill.
• 20 Aibreán 2015 - Micheál Turraoin ón Rinn Micheál Turraoin ón Rinn ag caint le Padraig Tyers sa bhliain 1961 fá spailpíneacht agus eile.
• 16 Bealtaine 2016 - Séamus Ó Maolchatha údar Séamus Ó Maolchatha údar an leabhair 'An Gleann is a raibh ann' ag caint le Proinsias Ó Conluain.
• 30 Bealtaine 2016 - Risteárd B Breathnach Risteárd B Breathnach, seaneolaí ar Ghaeilge na nDéise ag caint fán chanúint sin agus mar atá sí ag imeacht de réir a chéile.
• 24 Meán Fómhair 2017 - Uinseann Mac Ruairc agus Na Déise Tugann Uinseann Mac Ruairc a léargas féin dúinn ar litríocht agus ar cheol na nDéise. Craoladh 1972.
• 26 Samhain 2017 - Labhrás Ó Cadhla Labhrás Ó Cadha ag ceol agus ag caint fá chúpla amhrán do Chiarán Mac Mathúna sa Rinn sa bhliain 1957 ina measc 'Táiliúir a' Chroí Mhóir'; 'Sliabh Geal gCua' agus 'Caoineadh Dhiarmuid Stokes'.
• 02 Nollaig 2018 - An Rinn 1972 Pádraig Tyers ag caint le muintir na Rinne sna Déise, Port Láirge, sa bhliain 1972 fá chúrsaí maireachtála agus neart eile.
• 13 Deireadh Fómhair 2019 Labhrann Alan Titley le hIan Lee fána rogha féin de mhíreanna as an tsraith seo. Frank O Connor, Peadar O Donnell, Sarah & Rita Keane, Nioclás Tóibín (agallamh amháin), Piaras Béaslaí, samplaí de Ghaeilge Dheisceart Thiobraid Árann agus Cho. Thír Eoghain, Mick O Connell agus mír as Fadhbanna Gaeilge le Tomás de Bhaldraithe sa chathaoir.

WLR

Muintir na nDéise

Muintir na nDéise - a series of interviews from Gaeltacht na nDéise, conducted in 2018:

• 7th June 2020 - Programme 1: Pauline Nic Craith Pauline Nic Craith, a native of An Rinn, who qualified as a nurse in the late 1940s and worked in Belfast during the troubles in the 1970s.
• 14th June 2020 - Programme 2: Tomás Ó Céilleachar Tomás Ó Céilleachar was born in 1935 in Caherboshina in Corca Dhuibhne. He remembers moving to Ring in the late 1950s to take up a job teaching in Coláiste na Rinne and his years as publican of Tigh an Cheoil in the Ring village of Baile na nGall.
• 21st June 2020 - Programme 3: Siobhán de Faoite Siobhán de Faoite, who was born in Old Parish before the end of World War 2, describes her life as a farmer’s daughter. She also speaks about her education, her married life and her membership of the Irish Countrywomen’s Association, a vital organization for women in rural Ireland in the 1970s.
• 28th June 2020 - Programme 4: Pádraig Seosamh Ó Mathúna Pádraig Seosamh Ó Mathúna, a farmer and an amateur actor, who was born in 1927, remembers his parents, going to mass in a pony and trap and later going to the mart in Dungarvan with his father.
• 5th July 2020 - Programme 5: Cait Mhic Craith Cait Mhic Craith, a native of Clashmore in Co Waterford, remembers arriving in Ring in 1961 to take up her new job as junior house matron at Coláiste na Rinne.
• 12th July 2020 - Programme 6: Nioclás Ó Gríofáin Nioclás Ó Gríofáin, a local historian and a native of Ring, was born in February, 1936. He remembers his school days, the prayers they had, the games they used to play and the way the community would gather to listen to the radio on the Sunday of a big match.
• 19th July 2020 - Programme 7: Máiréad Uí Mhuirithe Mairéad Uí Mhuirithe, who grew up in the Ring Gaeltacht, also remembers her parents, her teachers, her childhood and her late husband, Patsy Murray.
• 26th July 2020 - Programme 8: Tomás Ó Curraoin Tomás Ó Curraoin, who was born in 1941, became an electrician and worked for many years in Waterford city. He remembers life as a boy when he worked on the farm milking cows before and after school.
• 2nd August 2020 - Programme 9: Nóirín Uí Chionaola Nóirín Uí Chionaola, another interviewee, was born in 1928. The eldest in her family, she grew up in Ballingarry in Co Limerick and remembers the thrill of the arrival of her baby sister. She also talks about her life married to Domhnall Ó Cionaola and their life together. Now in her nineties, Nóirín remembers her first visits to Baile na nGall in An Rinn in the 1950s where she heard singing in the pub there, including singers such as her husband and the late Nioclás Tóibín.
• 9th August 2020 - Programme 10: Mícheál Seosamh de Paor Mícheál Seosamh de Paor, who passed away on 8 March 2020, remembers his mother and father and his youth growing up in Old Parish as well as his life as a father and a husband. And he talks about the heartbreak he felt on the tragic and untimely death of his late wife Mairéad.

Song

• Labhras Ó Cadhla - Amhráin ó Shliabh gCua
• Nioclás Tóibín - Amhráin Aneas

Bibliography

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