Difference between revisions of "Irish/Irish Phonology"

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= Consonants =
= Consonants =
== Velarisation (Broad), Palatalisation (Slender) and Glides ==
Talk about velarisation, palatalisation and glides here
== Fortis and Lenis ==
Talk about fortis and lenis here


== Labials ==
== Labials ==
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! rowspan="2" | Dialect A
! rowspan="2" | Dialect A
! fortis
! fortis
| {{IPA|/f/}} || {{IPA|/f′/}}
| {{IPA|/f/}} || {{IPA|/f´/}}
| {{IPA|/p/}} || {{IPA|/p′/}}
| {{IPA|/p/}} || {{IPA|/p´/}}
| {{IPA|/b/}} || {{IPA|/b′/}}
| {{IPA|/b/}} || {{IPA|/b´/}}
| {{IPA|/m/}} || {{IPA|/m′/}}
| {{IPA|/m/}} || {{IPA|/m´/}}
|-
|-
! lenis
! lenis
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|∅}}<ref>lenition of either {{IPA|/f/}} or {{IPA|/f′/}} equates to no sound being pronounced at all</ref>
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|∅}}<ref>Lenition of either {{IPA|/f/}} or {{IPA|/f´/}} results in no sound being pronounced at all, ''fear'' {{IPA|/f´ar/}} vs. ''don fhear'' {{IPA|/dən´ ar/}}.</ref>
| {{IPA|/f/}} || {{IPA|/f′/}}
| {{IPA|/f/}} || {{IPA|/f´/}}
| {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/v′/}}
| {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/v´/}}
| {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/v′/}}
| {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/v´/}}
|}
|}


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! fortis
! fortis
| {{IPA|/s/}} || {{IPA|/ʃ/}}
| {{IPA|/s/}} || {{IPA|/ʃ/}}
| {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|/t′/}}
| {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|/t´/}}
| {{IPA|/d/}} || {{IPA|/d′/}}
| {{IPA|/d/}} || {{IPA|/d´/}}
|-
|-
! lenis
! lenis
Line 88: Line 96:
! fortis
! fortis
| {{IPA|/R/}} || {{IPA|/r/}}
| {{IPA|/R/}} || {{IPA|/r/}}
| {{IPA|/L/}} || {{IPA|/L′/}}
| {{IPA|/L/}} || {{IPA|/L´/}}
| {{IPA|/N/}} || {{IPA|/N′/}}
| {{IPA|/N/}} || {{IPA|/N´/}}
|-
|-
! lenis
! lenis
| {{IPA|/r/}} || {{IPA|/r′/}}
| {{IPA|/r/}} || {{IPA|/r´/}}
| {{IPA|/l/}} || {{IPA|/l′/}}
| {{IPA|/l/}} || {{IPA|/l´/}}
| {{IPA|/n/}} || {{IPA|/n′/}}
| {{IPA|/n/}} || {{IPA|/n´/}}
|}
|}


Line 117: Line 125:
! rowspan="2" | Dialect A
! rowspan="2" | Dialect A
! fortis
! fortis
| {{IPA|/k/}} || {{IPA|/k′/}}
| {{IPA|/k/}} || {{IPA|/c/}}
| {{IPA|/g/}} || {{IPA|/g′/}}
| {{IPA|/g/}} || {{IPA|/ɟ/}}
| {{IPA|/ŋ/}} || {{IPA|/ŋ′/}}
| {{IPA|/ŋ/}} || {{IPA|/ɲ/}}
|-
|-
! lenis
! lenis
| {{IPA|/x/}} || {{IPA|/ç/}}
| {{IPA|/x/}} || {{IPA|/ç/}}
| {{IPA|/ɣ/}} || {{IPA|/j/}}
| {{IPA|/ɣ/}} || {{IPA|/j/}}
| <ref name="dorsal nasal">{{IPA|/ŋ/}} and {{IPA|/ŋ′/}} had never developed any lenis counterparts, neither in the modern nor historical forms of the language</ref>
| <ref name="dorsal nasal">{{IPA|/ŋ/}} and {{IPA|/ŋ´/}} had never developed any lenis counterparts, neither in the modern nor historical forms of the language.</ref>
| <ref name="dorsal nasal"/>
| <ref name="dorsal nasal"/>
|}
|}
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! colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |
! {{IPA|//Ə//}}
! {{IPA|//Ə//}}
! {{IPA|//I//}}
! {{IPA|//A//}}
! {{IPA|//A//}}
! {{IPA|//O//}}
! {{IPA|//O//}}
! {{IPA|//U//}}
! {{IPA|//U//}}
! {{IPA|//E//}}
! {{IPA|//E//}}
! {{IPA|//İ//}}
! {{IPA|//I//}}
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Dialect A
! rowspan="2" | Dialect A
! short
! short
| {{IPA|/ə/}}<ref name="central vowel">distinction is made between a central vowel in a broad environment, {{IPA|/ə/}}, and a central vowel in a slender environment, {{IPA|/ɪ/}}</ref> || {{IPA|/ɪ/}}<ref name="central vowel"/>
| {{IPA|/ə/}}<ref name="central vowel">Distinction is made between a central vowel in a broad environment, {{IPA|/ə/}}, and a central vowel in a slender environment, {{IPA|/i/}}. e.g. ''tuatha'' {{IPA|/tuə̯.hə/}} vs. ''tuaithe'' {{IPA|/tuə̯.hi/}}.</ref>
| {{IPA|/a/}} || {{IPA|/o/}}
| {{IPA|/a/}} || {{IPA|/o/}}
| {{IPA|/u/}} || {{IPA|/e/}}
| {{IPA|/u/}} || {{IPA|/e/}}
| {{IPA|/i/}}
| {{IPA|/i/}}<ref name="central vowel"/>
|-
|-
! long
! long
|
|
|
| {{IPA|/aː/}} || {{IPA|/oː/}}
| {{IPA|/aː/}} || {{IPA|/oː/}}
Line 163: Line 169:


Talk about diphthongs here
Talk about diphthongs here
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Diphthong phonemes
!
! {{IPA|//Ə̯I//}}
! {{IPA|//Ə̯U//}}
! {{IPA|//IƏ̯//}}
! {{IPA|//UƏ̯//}}
|-
! Dialect A
| {{IPA|/ə̯i/}} || {{IPA|/ə̯u/}}
| {{IPA|/iə̯/}} || {{IPA|/uə̯/}}
|}


== Triphthongs ==
== Triphthongs ==


Talk about triphthongs here
Talk about triphthongs here
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Triphthong phonemes
!
! {{IPA|//UI̯Ə̯//}}
|-
! Dialect A
| {{IPA|/ui̯ə̯/}}
|}


== Nasalised Vowels ==
== Nasalised Vowels ==


Talk about nasalised vowels here
Talk about nasalised vowels here
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Nasalised monophthong phonemes
! colspan="2" |
! {{IPA|//Ə̃//}}
! {{IPA|//Ã//}}
! {{IPA|//Õ//}}
! {{IPA|//Ũ//}}
! {{IPA|//Ẽ//}}
! {{IPA|//Ĩ//}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | Dialect A
! short
| {{IPA|/ə̃/}}<ref name="central vowel"/>
| {{IPA|/ã/}} || {{IPA|/õ/}}
| {{IPA|/ũ/}} || {{IPA|/ẽ/}}
| {{IPA|/ĩ/}}<ref name="central vowel"/>
|-
! long
|
| {{IPA|/ãː/}} || {{IPA|/õː/}}
| {{IPA|/ũː/}} || {{IPA|/ẽː/}}
| {{IPA|/ĩː/}}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Nasalised diphthong phonemes
!
! {{IPA|//Ə̯̃Ĩ//}}
! {{IPA|//Ə̯̃Ũ//}}
! {{IPA|//ĨƏ̯̃//}}
! {{IPA|//ŨƏ̯̃//}}
|-
! Dialect A
| {{IPA|/ə̯̃ĩ/}} || {{IPA|/ə̯̃ũ/}}
| {{IPA|/ĩə̯̃/}} || {{IPA|/ũə̯̃/}}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Nasalised triphthong phonemes
!
! {{IPA|//ŨĨ̯Ə̯̃//}}
|-
! Dialect A
| {{IPA|/ũĩ̯ə̯̃/}}
|}
= Syllables =
== Phonotactics ==
Talk about phonotactics here
== Epenthetic Vowels ==
Talk about epenthetic vowels here
== Elision ==
Talk about elision here
== Stress ==
Talk about stress here
= Sandhi =
Talk about sandhi here
= Intonation =
Talk about intonation here


= Footnotes =
= Footnotes =

Latest revision as of 14:30, 18 October 2021

Introduction here

Consonants

Velarisation (Broad), Palatalisation (Slender) and Glides

Talk about velarisation, palatalisation and glides here

Fortis and Lenis

Talk about fortis and lenis here

Labials

Talk about labials here

Labial phonemes
//F// //P// //B// //M//
broad slender broad slender broad slender broad slender
Dialect A fortis /f/ /f´/ /p/ /p´/ /b/ /b´/ /m/ /m´/
lenis ∅[1] /f/ /f´/ /v/ /v´/ /v/ /v´/

Coronal Obstruents

Talk about coronal obstruents here

Coronal obstruent phonemes
//S// //T// //D//
broad slender broad slender broad slender
Dialect A fortis /s/ /ʃ/ /t/ /t´/ /d/ /d´/
lenis /h/ /ɣ/ /j/

Coronal Sonorants

Talk about coronal sonorants here

Coronal sonorant phonemes
//R// //L// //N//
broad slender broad slender broad slender
Dialect A fortis /R/ /r/ /L/ /L´/ /N/ /N´/
lenis /r/ /r´/ /l/ /l´/ /n/ /n´/

Dorsals

Talk about dorsals here

Dorsal phonemes
//K// //G// //Ŋ//
broad slender broad slender broad slender
Dialect A fortis /k/ /c/ /g/ /ɟ/ /ŋ/ /ɲ/
lenis /x/ /ç/ /ɣ/ /j/ [2] [2]

Vowels

Monophthongs

Talk about monophthongs here

Monophthong phonemes
//Ə// //A// //O// //U// //E// //I//
Dialect A short /ə/[3] /a/ /o/ /u/ /e/ /i/[3]
long /aː/ /oː/ /uː/ /eː/ /iː/

Diphthongs

Talk about diphthongs here

Diphthong phonemes
//Ə̯I// //Ə̯U// //IƏ̯// //UƏ̯//
Dialect A /ə̯i/ /ə̯u/ /iə̯/ /uə̯/

Triphthongs

Talk about triphthongs here

Triphthong phonemes
//UI̯Ə̯//
Dialect A /ui̯ə̯/

Nasalised Vowels

Talk about nasalised vowels here

Nasalised monophthong phonemes
//Ə̃// //Ã// //Õ// //Ũ// //Ẽ// //Ĩ//
Dialect A short /ə̃/[3] /ã/ /õ/ /ũ/ /ẽ/ /ĩ/[3]
long /ãː/ /õː/ /ũː/ /ẽː/ /ĩː/
Nasalised diphthong phonemes
//Ə̯̃Ĩ// //Ə̯̃Ũ// //ĨƏ̯̃// //ŨƏ̯̃//
Dialect A /ə̯̃ĩ/ /ə̯̃ũ/ /ĩə̯̃/ /ũə̯̃/
Nasalised triphthong phonemes
//ŨĨ̯Ə̯̃//
Dialect A /ũĩ̯ə̯̃/

Syllables

Phonotactics

Talk about phonotactics here

Epenthetic Vowels

Talk about epenthetic vowels here

Elision

Talk about elision here

Stress

Talk about stress here

Sandhi

Talk about sandhi here

Intonation

Talk about intonation here

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Lenition of either /f/ or /f´/ results in no sound being pronounced at all, fear /f´ar/ vs. don fhear /dən´ ar/.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 /ŋ/ and /ŋ´/ had never developed any lenis counterparts, neither in the modern nor historical forms of the language.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Distinction is made between a central vowel in a broad environment, /ə/, and a central vowel in a slender environment, /i/. e.g. tuatha /tuə̯.hə/ vs. tuaithe /tuə̯.hi/.
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