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= Vowels = == Short Unstressed Monophthongs == === {{IPA|/ə/}} unstressed central vowel === ==== {{IPA|[ə]}} mid central vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|ə¹}}''') Between two consonants of velar quality:<br> {{IPA|/kuːnˠtˠəs/}} ''cuntas'', {{IPA|/kuːrˠəmˠ/}} ''cúram'', {{IPA|/dˠorˠəxə/}} ''dorcha'', {{IPA|/fˠolˠəṽˠ/}} ''folamh'', {{IPA|/gˠɑrˠəvˠ/}} ''garbh'', {{IPA|/mˠəˈkɑːnˠtˠə/}} ''macánta''. Absolute word-final position following a consonant of velar quality:<br> {{IPA|/dˠorˠəxə/}} ''dorcha'', {{IPA|/mˠəˈkɑːnˠtˠə/}} ''macánta'', {{IPA|/mˠolˠə/}} ''moladh'', {{IPA|/mˠurˠkə/}} ''iomarca'', {{IPA|/rˠəurˠtˠə/}} ''rabharta''. ==== {{IPA|[ɘ]}} high-mid central unrounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|ə²}}''') ==== {{IPA|[ɵ]}} high-mid central rounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|ə³}}''') == Short Stressed Monophthongs == === {{IPA|/a/}} low front vowel === ==== {{IPA|[a]}} low front unrounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|a¹}}''') === {{IPA|/ɑ/}} low back vowel === ==== {{IPA|[ɑ̈]}} low central unrounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|a²}}''') ==== {{IPA|[ɑ]}} low back unrounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|a³}}''') === {{IPA|/e/}} mid vowel === ==== {{IPA|[e̞]}} mid front unrounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|e¹}}''') ==== {{IPA|[ɜ]}} low-mid central unrounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|e²}}''') ==== {{IPA|[o̞]}} mid back rounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|o}}''') === {{IPA|/i/}} high vowel === ==== {{IPA|[ɪ]}} near-high near-front unrounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|i¹}}''') Absolute word-initial position preceding a consonant of palatal quality:<br> {{IPA|/iʃɟə/}} ''uisce'', {{IPA|/ihʲəmʲ/}} ''ithim''. Between two consonants of palatal quality:<br> {{IPA|/mʲinʲəc/}} ''minic'', {{IPA|/mʲiʃə/}} ''mise'', {{IPA|/mʲiʃdʲə/}} ''miste'', {{IPA|/eː ʃinʲ/}} ''é sin'', {{IPA|/ʃiɲə/}} ''sinne'', {{IPA|/tʲinʲə/}} ''tine''. ==== {{IPA|[ɪ̈]}} near-high central unrounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|i²}}''') ==== {{IPA|[ʊ]}} near-high near-back rounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|u¹}}''') ==== {{IPA|[ʊ̈]}} near-high central rounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|u²}}''') == Long Monophthongs == === {{IPA|/ɑː/}} long low back unrounded vowel === ==== {{IPA|[ɑː]}} long low back unrounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|a:}}''') === {{IPA|/eː/}} long mid front unrounded vowel === ==== {{IPA|[eː]}} long high-mid front unrounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|e:¹}}''') ==== {{IPA|[ɘː]}} long high-mid central unrounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|e:²}}''') ==== {{IPA|[ɜː]}} long low-mid central unrounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|e:³}}''') === {{IPA|/oː/}} long mid back rounded vowel === ==== {{IPA|[oː]}} long high-mid back rounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|o:¹}}''') ==== {{IPA|[o̞ː]}} long mid back rounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|o:²}}''') ==== {{IPA|[ɵː]}} long high-mid central rounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|o:³}}''') === {{IPA|/iː/}} long high front unrounded vowel === ==== {{IPA|[iː]}} long high front unrounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|i:¹}}''') ==== {{IPA|[i̠ː]}} long high near-front unrounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|i:²}}''') === {{IPA|/uː/}} long high front unrounded vowel === ==== {{IPA|[uː]}} long high back rounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|u:¹}}''') ==== {{IPA|[u̟ː]}} long high near-back rounded vowel ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|u:²}}''') == Diphthongs == === {{IPA|/ai/}} === === {{IPA|/au/}} === === {{IPA|/əi/}} === === {{IPA|/əu/}} === === {{IPA|/iə/}} === ==== {{IPA|[iə]}} ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|iə¹}}''') ==== {{IPA|[i̠ə]}} ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|iə²}}''') ==== {{IPA|[iɘ]}} ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|iə³}}''') === {{IPA|/ia/}} === ==== {{IPA|[i̞æ̈]}} ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|ia}}''') === {{IPA|/uə/}} === ==== {{IPA|[uɘ]}} ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|uə¹}}''') ==== {{IPA|[uə]}} ==== (Breatnach 1947, '''{{IPA|uə²}}''') == Nasalisation == All vowels undergo varying degrees of allophonic nasalisation when neighbouring a consonant of nasal quality. Where a historical consonant of nasal quality has since become lost in a word while the vowel has retained its nasalisation, that vowel has since phonemicised as a nasal vowel and should be marked as such in phonemic transcription. == Glides == = Consonants = == Labials == === {{IPA|/pˠ/}} === === {{IPA|/pʲ/}} === === {{IPA|/bˠ/}} === === {{IPA|/bʲ/}} === === {{IPA|/mˠ/}} === === {{IPA|/mʲ/}} === === {{IPA|/fˠ/}} === === {{IPA|/fʲ/}} === === {{IPA|/vˠ/}} === === {{IPA|/vʲ/}} === === {{IPA|/ṽˠ/}} === === {{IPA|/ṽʲ/}} === == Coronal Obstruents == === {{IPA|/tˠ/}} === === {{IPA|/tʲ/}} === === {{IPA|/dˠ/}} === === {{IPA|/dʲ/}} === === {{IPA|/s/}} === === {{IPA|/ʃ/}} === == Coronal Sonorants == === {{IPA|/lˠ/}} === === {{IPA|/lʲ/}} === === {{IPA|/rˠ/}} === === {{IPA|/rʲ/}} === === {{IPA|/nˠ/}} === === {{IPA|/nʲ/}} === == Dorsals == === {{IPA|/k/}} === === {{IPA|/c/}} === === {{IPA|/ɡ/}} === === {{IPA|/ɟ/}} === === {{IPA|/ŋ/}} === === {{IPA|/ɲ/}} === === {{IPA|/x/}} === === {{IPA|/ç/}} === === {{IPA|/ɣ/}} === === {{IPA|/j/}} === == Laryngeals == === {{IPA|/hˠ/}} === === {{IPA|/hʲ/}} === = Notes = <references group="note"/> = References = <references /> [[Category:Irish]]

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